Note: This article is based on and references the original piece “Scaling Inference to Billions of Users and Agents” published by Google Cloud Developer Advocates on Medium in August 2025. All technical insights and architectural details are credited to the original authors at Google Cloud.

The Billion-User Challenge

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As we stand at the precipice of the AI revolution, one question looms larger than any other: How do we scale AI inference to serve billions of users and agents simultaneously?